Caibidil a Trí: The Verb (an Briathar)

Irregular Verbs (na Briathra Neamhrialta)


abair = say

Abair has different stems in the present, imperfect, subjunctive (deir), in the preterite (dúirt), future, conditional (déar) and imperative (abair),
There are no special dependent forms, but: no preterite particle is used,
 
  indicative imperative conditional subjunctive
  present preterite imperfect future present preterite
1st pers. sg. deirim dúirt mé deirinn déarfaidh mé abraim déarfinn go ndeire mé dá ndeirinn
2nd pers. sg. deir(eann) tú dúirt tú deirteá déarfaidh tú abair déarfá go ndeire tú dá ndeirteá
3rd pers. sg. deir(eann) sé dúirt sé deireadh sé déarfaidh sé abradh sé déarfadh sé go ndeire sé dá ndeireadh sé
1st pers. pl. deirimid dúramar deirimis déarfaimid abraimis déarfimis go ndeirimid dá ndeirimis
2nd pers. pl. deir(eann) sibh dúirt sibh deireadh sibh déarfaidh sibh abraigí déarfadh sibh go ndeire sibh dá ndeireadh sibh
3rd pers. pl. deir(eann) siad dúirt siad deiridis déarfaidh siad abraidís déarfidís go ndeire siad dá ndeiridis
autonomous deirtear dúradh deirtí déarfar abairtear déarfaí go ndeirtear dá ndeirtí

dependent forms
 
  indicative
  preterite
(ní)
preterite 
(an, go, nach, a)
1st pers. sg. ní dúirt mé an nduirt mé
2nd pers. sg. ní dúirt tú an nduirt tú
3rd pers. sg. ní dúirt sé an nduirt sé
1st pers. pl. ní dúramar an nduramar
2nd pers. pl. ní dúirt sibh an nduirt sibh
3rd pers. pl. ní dúirt siad an nduirt siad
autonom ní dúradh an nduradh

derivatives:
 
verbal noun
genitive of the verbal noun substantive rá  
infinitive ráite   
verbal adjective ráite

*:deir is much more common than deireann (....a deir sé instead of ... a deireann/deireas sé).
deireann serves mostly as the habitual form (deireann sé i gcónaí ... = he always says...)


Forms with d- (deir/dúirt/déar-) are never lenited (since originally there used to be an a- in front: adeir, adúirt < adubhairt, etc.) Only in the subjunctive after nár would one see lenition: nár dheire sé = that he would not like to say
Also following the dir. relative particle a , d- is not lenited: a deir, a dúirt. Earlier it was commonplace to write adeir, adúirt as the relative form instead (similarly to "atá", where the a is actually part of the verb).

Instead of ní dúirt, an, go, nach ndúirt forms with níor, gur, nar, ar úirt are more common in Connacht (d used as the particle do (d'úirt) and is omitted)

Follwing direct speech one doesn't use deir/dúirt but the defect verb ar (preceding  seisean, sise, siadsan) or. arsa e.g.:
"Is amadáin mé, nach ea?" arsa Liam = "I'm an idiot, isn't that so?" said Liam
"Sea, tá ceart go leor agat, a chara" ar sise = "Yep, you're right, my friend" she said

older forms

Earlier, dependent forms in the present/imperfect: abraim, abrann sé, abrainn, abradh sé as well as in the future/conditional: abróidh sé were common.
In the subjunctive, the root abair was still recognizable. (go n-abra(idh) sé = may he say )

 dependent absolute
presentabranndeir(eann)
imperfectabradhdeireadh
futureabróidhdéarfaidh
conditionalabródhdéarfadh
subjunctivego n-abra


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© Lars Braesicke 1999 / 2000

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